The Cold War During the 1970's
Project Azorian
In the years of the Cold War one of the major war tactics was submarine warfare. Before both the USSR and the United States used ICBM bases to launch their missiles. Ronald Reagan at the time used wanted the bases to be underground so that they were untraceable by the Soviet Union. This came to the idea of nuclear submarines which allowed them to stay at the bottom of the sea so that they were undetected until the missiles were actually launched. The knowing of what the other nation had in terms of submarine warfare was the idea behind the creating of Project Azorian. There was news that a Soviet submarine, Soviet Golf-II(K-129), had sunk in the Pacific Ocean north of Hawaii. There was knowledge that there was ballistic missiles and nuclear-armed torpedoes. Project Azorian was the attempt to bring the K-129 back to the surface. In 1972 Richard Nixon gave the approval to start the process of Project Azorian and in 1974 the actual beginnings of trying to bring the submarine to the surface started. Howard Hughes, who owned a shipping and maritime mining company, helped with the process. In the end the procees of Project Azorian failed because only a piece of the ship was brought to the surface and then Project Azorian was later put to rest and wasn't spoken of.
Nixon in Moscow
Throughout the years of the Cold War and the years before that not one single
president has visited the city of Moscow, Russia. On May 22, 1972 President
Richard Nixon became the first United States President to ever visit Moscow. As
he arrived in the city he was greeted by the Soviet President Podgorny, the
Prime Minister Alexei, and lastly the Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. After
Nixon arrived Leonid Brezhnev invited Nixon to meet in Kremlin to talk but oddly
this was an unscheduled event. The press and many others were curious about the
underlying issue that was spoken about in this confidential meeting. The White
House press secretary only said that the two of them discussed international
issues. Days later on May 26, the treaty named S.A.L.T.( Strategic Arms
Limitation Talks) was signes by President Nixon, Kremlin, and Brezhnev. This
agreed that both superpowers were only limited to 200 deffense nuclear missles.
In the end President Nixon said that the need for cooperation between both
countries would help improve each of them politically, socially, economically,
and environmentally.
president has visited the city of Moscow, Russia. On May 22, 1972 President
Richard Nixon became the first United States President to ever visit Moscow. As
he arrived in the city he was greeted by the Soviet President Podgorny, the
Prime Minister Alexei, and lastly the Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. After
Nixon arrived Leonid Brezhnev invited Nixon to meet in Kremlin to talk but oddly
this was an unscheduled event. The press and many others were curious about the
underlying issue that was spoken about in this confidential meeting. The White
House press secretary only said that the two of them discussed international
issues. Days later on May 26, the treaty named S.A.L.T.( Strategic Arms
Limitation Talks) was signes by President Nixon, Kremlin, and Brezhnev. This
agreed that both superpowers were only limited to 200 deffense nuclear missles.
In the end President Nixon said that the need for cooperation between both
countries would help improve each of them politically, socially, economically,
and environmentally.
S.A.L.T Treaty I
During the Cold War the United States and the USSR were constantly battling to be better than each other. One of the major things these two countries were battling over was Arms Race which was the competition of who had the better and stronger missiles. During the years the USSR was becoming extremley developed and the amount of missiles were increasing at an extrodinary rate while the United States was lagging behind. In a result of this the two countries started the talks of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks(SALT) between the years of 1969 and 1972. This was the first act of negotiation between them which was to limit and restrain the number of missles allowed to have. This treaty also prohibited the making of the Intercontinental Ballistic and Cruise Missiles(IBCM) on land based areas. Nixon soon later visited the city of Moscow in Russia in order to get to an agreement with General Secretary Brezhnev for this treaty. On May 26, 1972 President Nixon and Brezhnev signed the SALT treaty after over two years of negotiations between these two countries. Later on there became talks of a second treaty named SALT II.
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
During the Cold War there were many treaties that were already signed and one of the major treaties was the S.A.L.T Treaty. Almost right after this treaty was signed a new treaty, which was a branch off of the S.A.L.T Treaty, was named the Anti-Ballistic Missle Treaty. This treaty was a limitation between the USSR and the United States that each nation was only allowed two anti-ballisitc missiles areas where they were able to deploy them and these were in very restricted areas. Also this treaty there were many limits on what the nations can and can not have. One in which each nation was only allowed one ABM system that was allowed to protect their capital and one more to protect another ICBM launching area. Another limitation was that the USSR and the United States were only allowed a certain amount and what kind of missiles that were launched. The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was signed on May 26, 1972 and became in force on October 3, 1972.